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- What are the challenges and prospects facing oncology today?

In clinical practice, there is a large percentage of medical errors when establishing the final diagnosis, which sometimes leads to incorrect treatment and severe complications, including death. To some extent this is due to the fact that modern clinical classification is not perfect, little informative and do not contain a complete list of cancer.
Major concern and the limited capacity of early diagnosis. At present, there are methods of radiotherapy of cancer imaging process in the early stage of development, such as magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide diagnosis, including positron emission tomography, X-ray methods, ultrasound, Doppler and others. The most accurate method – positron emission tomography, the use of which in oncology to 90% of cases. Weather risk of cancer based on genetic research, the development of methods for preventing morbidity – superzadacha now.

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Today it is considered that the breakage of the genome – the basic starting point teratogenic process. Genetic research will help identify people with increased risk of malignant tumors. Using gene microarray (molecular biological probes) in the near future everyone will be able to learn individual risk. And in this regard have already accumulated some experience. Example, found that the risk of developing breast cancer and / or ovarian cancer genes BRCA1 are responsible and BRCA2. When a mutation of one of them is greatly increased incidence of cancer.

In other countries, including in the U.S., there are several programs in which women volunteers who have discovered the gene mutated BRCA, a preventive bilateral mastectomy. At the last congress in Paris, I strongly opposed such a practical implementation of scientific achievements. And if tomorrow we will discover a gene mutation, which, for example, will obligate sarcoma of the femur, there is a need for resection of the extremities? This – not an approach to the treatment!

Why young woman to remove cancer, while the body is easily accessible monitoring and diagnostics. Today, breast cancer – a disease that is treated beautifully, even in a generalized stage, so you should correctly implement the molecular-biological and other scientific achievements.
Thus, a set of methods aimed at identifying specific molecular changes associated with certain forms of neoplasia. The basis for developing modern antitumor agents – Targeted drugs (from the English. Target – the target) to a particular type of tumor. Such a breakthrough has occurred in oncology in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, once considered a fatal diagnosis. Today, these patients achieve persistent clinical remission, which is the tremendous success of science and practice.
Actively also conducted work on the study of tumor angiogenesis – block blood vessels arising tumor. Pathological angiogenesis – a new chapter in experimental oncology – has a practical value – to create a drug targeted at inhibition of tumor vascular reconstruction. The model is based on the fact that without education there is no vascular tumor growth. This is a controversial issue, given the double tumor metabolism, when any cell has the aerobic and anaerobic types of oxidation, surviving in any environment. Strategy antiangiogenic cancer therapies by blocking vascular growth factors, the use of natural inhibitors of angiogenesis, blocking the molecules that promote migration of epithelial cells of the tumor, blocking the division of endothelial cells. In clinical trials of more than forty antiangiogenic drugs has obtained an unstable effect.

Should also note the success of surgery, which met today under chemoresistant tumors, it is mainly lung, stomach, esophagus, colon, kidney. Modernized previously existing and introduced new technologies of cardiovascular surgery. For the first time used the technique of artificial blood circulation. Created departments vertebral surgery, orthopedics, surgery of the pelvic bones, it became possible to perform microprosthetics vessels and nerves. Thus, not only saved the life of the patient, but also directly on the operating table, he starts his rehabilitation.